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For over 100 years now, many families all around the world has trusted the Vaseline petroleum jelly in personal care and beauty. Vaseline is one of the brands owned by the multinational company ,Unilever PLC. The petroleum jelly was named Vaseline by Robert Cheesebrough in 1869, after he discovered its various remarkable healing properties on the skin.

Here are some tricks you can use the Vaseline for:

• For beautiful soft fingers and healthy looking nails apply Vaseline all over the fingers and palms and massage for two minutes until the Vaseline is completely rubbed in, then put on a pair of cotton gloves. Do this overnight, so that while you sleep the product can work undisturbed on the skin, and you wake up to a beautiful baby-soft fingers, do this 2 to 3 times a week and you would never have any need for hand creams. This is one of the secrets of the hand models( models whose hands are only used for an advert).

• You can also use the Vaseline to aid exfoliation of rough and dry flaky skin ,especially that of your hands. Just add a little granulated sugar plus an equal portion of Vaseline and scrub your chapped hands with the mixture for at least a minute and wash off with a mild soap and water to get the sugar off, you would be dumbfounded at the beautiful result. Younger looking smooth hands and fingers.

• After your daily bath try given your feet a massage with Vaseline, don’t forget to include under the feet , the massage will help blood circulation while the Vaseline will add moisture to your probably dry and tired legs.
• You might notice that some eyeshadow just don’t stay for a long period and you have to apply and re-apply all the time. If this is the case with yours, rub a little Vaseline on the spot before applying the eyeshadow, but be careful not to apply to much.
• Applying Vaseline on the fingers can help you put on your rings easily especially if you have added some pounds and your rings won’t fit. You can use the same method also when you want to take them off .

• You can use the Vaseline as an after shave for your eyebrows to help easy gliding of the eye pencils and also help moisturize the newly shaved skin of the brow and prevent itching. Some beautician use it on their clients during eye dying , to prevent the dye from staining the eyes.

• Most people use Vaseline as a body pomade for Dry and chapped skin , it works well as a moisturizer for the rough parts of the skin, like the elbows, knees, feet and hands.

• It can also be used as a cheap makeup remover. Vaseline petroleum jelly is very efficient and when applied on cotton-balls or wash cloth can be used to take off powders eye-liner, mascara, and lipstick.
• When lip-liners and eye-pencils are slightly dipped in Vaseline it gives them a darker shade.

• Vaseline is very popular for its use in treating Chapped lips and as a lip gloss . Before you go to bed ,apply on your lips and wake up to soft kissable lips.

• Vaseline helps to prevent shaving bumps on legs . For best results apply to wet legs.

• It can be applied as a base on the hair before applying hair relaxers and dyes to prevent damage to the scalp.

The Vaseline petroleum jelly is really a must have for any one , not just the ladies. And the good thing is that it is very affordable and efficient.

The Amniotic fluid also called liquor amnii is the protecting and nourishing fluid surrounding the baby in the amniotic cavity or sac of a pregnant woman. The amniotic fluid is covered by the amniotic membrane within the amniotic cavity, and is formed very early in the development of the human embryo. The amniotic fluid gradually changes its constituents as pregnancy advances.

Functions of the amniotic fluid.

• The amniotic fluid provides a liquid environment in which the fetus( unborn baby) can develop and exercise in absolute freedom.

• The amniotic fluid provides an environment of constant temperature for the baby.
• Its constituents changes as pregnancy progresses , in that way it meets the nutritional requirements of the fetus as it changes.

• It causes enlargement of the amniotic cavity (and therefore of the uterus) so that the developing fetus is not distorted by pressure from the walls of the uterus.

• It provides a means of excretion of substances like urine from the fetus

• The fetus also swallows the amniotic fluid. It is not known how much nutritional benefit this may have for the fetus , but it enables it to develop its mouth ,as well as its swallowing and breathing mechanisms.

• The amniotic fluid also functions as a shock absorber which is most efficient in preventing damage to the fetus as a result of a blow or undue pressure. If undue force is brought to bear upon any particular part of the uterus then the placenta may suffer damage or may even be separated, but it is virtually impossible to damage the fetus itself as a result of direct or indirect injury.

Many women fear that their baby might be hurt by a fall or a direct blow on the uterus or abdomen during pregnancy. If a woman does suffer from direct injury or if she falls down on her abdomen she is unlikely to cause any harm to her baby but it is advisable that she consults her doctor ,if she develops pain or if she is unduly concerned. The three most common causes of abdominal injury during pregnancy are falling down the stairs, tripping over the edge of a pavement , and motor accidents . But no matter the kind of fall or accidents that a pregnant woman goes through, she should make it known to her doctor in her next antenatal visit or check up, just in case of any strange occurrences.

The Temperature of a baby is often taken through the armpit , the rectum, the ear or the mouth. But most doctors do not recommend taking an infant’s temperature through the mouth until the child is up to four years of age, because putting a thermometer into an infant’s mouth is dangerous.

These are the common methods of taking an infants temperature ;

• The armpit/underarm(axillary) method - here the infant’s temperature is taken using a digital or oral thermometer . Take off the baby’s shirt and Dry armpit with a towel, place the tip of the thermometer in the upper part of the armpit and hold baby’s arm over it, gently pressing the elbow against baby’s side. The armpit method is very efficient especially when the baby won’t lie quietly for a rectal reading to be done or when the baby has diarrhea. The normal temperature for this method is 97.6ºF(Fahrenheit).

• The rectal method - the infant’s temperature is taken here using the digital thermometer. Put baby on your laps or on the bed and put a small pillow under his/her hips to raise the bottom for easier insertion of the thermometer. With one hand ,spread the baby’s buttocks, and with your other hand slip the tip of the thermometer into the rectum or rectal opening(anus). Keep the thermometer in place by using your other fingers to press the buttocks together. The thermometer should be prepared before usage, by lubricating the sensor tip with a lubricant like olive oil or Vaseline . The rectal method of taking an infants temperature is the most accurate because it picks up the temperatures from the core of the body. The normal temperature for this method is 99.6ºF.

• The oral method - this method is done using the pacifier thermometer, since the oral thermometer cannot be used for the baby until he/she is four years of age or more. The pacifier thermometer is shaped like a pacifier and therefore inserted into the baby’s mouth to take a reading. It takes about four minutes to get a reading ,which usually reads between 0.3ºF and 0.5ºF lower than the rectal thermometer. With a squirming and non-cooperative baby this method will be really difficult. The normal temperature for the oral method is 98.6ºF.

• The tympanic (ear)method - is solely used for taking an infant’s temperature through the ear. The thermometer used here is called the Tympanic thermometer ,which is quite expensive and difficult to use. It is mostly used by paediatricians ,and you can get your readings in seconds but it is not as reliable as the rectal method of taking an infants temperature. Experts advice withholding the use of this method until a baby is over three months old.

Before proceeding with any of the methods of taking an infant’s temperature , it is advisable to keep the baby calm for at least half an hour before taking the temperature , because crying and anxiety in the baby can elevate the temperature reading. Also avoid giving the baby any food prior to the time you would be taking an oral temperature reading,so as not to alter the readings.

The thermometer should be washed with cool soapy water and properly rinsed after use. The sensor tip should be swabbed with alcohol.